Introduction
In this module, tutors will learn research-backed strategies to keep K–12 students actively engaged and motivated during tutoring sessions. Student engagement is the necessary first step for learning (kb.ndsu.edu), and it refers to the level of effort, interest, and attention students give to the learning process. High engagement is linked to better academic outcomes and persistence in school. Motivation is the driving force behind engagement – it can be intrinsic (coming from genuine interest or enjoyment) or extrinsic (driven by external rewards or pressures). Motivation energizes students to participate, while engagement is the observable manifestation of that motivation (such as asking questions, completing tasks, and showing curiosity) (edutopia.org). In a tutoring context, fostering both the inner motivation and outward engagement of students is crucial for effective learning.
This module focuses on practical techniques tutors can use in one-on-one and small-group settings to boost student engagement and motivation. We will draw from multiple established frameworks – including Self-Determination Theory, growth mindset, and expectancy-value theory – without relying on any single theory exclusively. The goal is to equip Sapience tutors with a versatile toolkit of strategies to create a positive, stimulating learning environment that keeps students invested in their learning. By the end of this module, tutors will understand how to tap into students’ intrinsic motivation, encourage active participation, and maintain enthusiasm across different age groups and subjects.
Objectives
By the end of this module, tutors will be able to:
- Explain key concepts of student engagement and motivation, and why they are vital in K–12 tutoring.
- Understand multiple motivation frameworks (Self-Determination Theory, growth mindset, expectancy-value, etc.) and how these inform engagement strategies (selfdeterminationtheory.org and acmd615.pbworks.com).
- Identify and apply strategies to increase student engagement in one-on-one and small group tutoring sessions, tailoring approaches to various ages and learning needs.
- Implement effective motivational techniques (e.g. autonomy support, relevance, positive feedback) during tutoring, to foster students’ intrinsic motivation and growth mindset (cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com).
- Use evaluation and feedback methods that sustain motivation – including formative assessments to gauge engagement and constructive feedback to students – while avoiding practices that undermine motivation (frontiersin.org).